[RELIGION]

Few works of art are as remote or alien to western eyes as ancient Chinese bronzes. Nevertheless these beautiful ritual vessels constituted the mainstream of Chinese art for nearly 1500 years. Spanning both the Shang (1523-1028 B.C.) and Chou dynasties (1027-256 B.C.), these ceremonial utensils, often of unsurpassed technical refinement and varied decor, define the very essence of early Chinese art.
Ancestors and ceremonial conduct have always been of great importance to the Chinese and the majority of bronzes were originally used in the offering of wine and foods to the spirits in ancestral rites, state ceremonies, and various ritual sacrifices.
Bronze is primarily an alloy of copper, tin, and lead, and it was traditionally cast by the ancient Chinese in ceramic piece molds, a difficult process which allowed for the exceptionally fine details seen in the decor of these vessels. The metal was cast in a variety of functional shapes, and most of these ornaments, animal forms, weapons and vessels, some of which bear ancient inscriptions, were excavated from tombs where they had first been interred with the deceased in elaborate funerals.

HISTORY WS (:

[Featuers of the Indus Valley Civilisation]


(Pillared Hall, L area)

this place could be used by people in the olden days for religious purposes. it could also be used as a place for gatherings.




(Ferry boat on the Indus River near Mohenjodaro)

this could be used as a transportation for people in the olden days as technology was not advance d yet.



(Public well, HR Area)

Although most wells were located inside private buildings, the city planners of Mohenjo Daro provided some public wells that could be accessed directly from the main street. This well and nearby walls have been covered with mud brick to protect them from salt crystallization.
this well provided people water to drink, and for many puroses like cooking, bathing and many more.

RECAP QUESTIONS [:

1) Primary sources are information provided by people who witnessed an event, eg. written evidence, pictorial evidence, oral evidence and aretefacts. secondary sources are the records of people who did not participate in or witness the event, eg. letters, photographs and articles.
2) historians will go through the 3'C' test, credibility, corroboration and consistency
3)Historian revise their interpretations of past events as other historians may have different explanation of the same past events , so they could compare and see whose has the correct explanations.
GREAT BYES (: